What is a CNC lathe machine and how does it work?

‌CNC lathe‌ is an automated machining lathe controlled by digital coding, calculation symbols and code programs. It is mainly used for cutting and machining of inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of shaft parts or disk parts, inner and outer conical surfaces of arbitrary taper angles, complex rotating inner and outer curved surfaces, and cylindrical and conical threads, and can perform operations such as grooving, drilling, reaming, reaming and boring.

Contents

1. Working principle of CNC lathe

2. Characteristics of CNC lathe

3. Structure of CNC lathe

4. Application fields of CNC lathe

Working principle of CNC lathe

The working principle of CNC lathe is to represent various operations required for the machining process, such as spindle speed change, loosening and clamping of workpieces, feeding and retracting, etc., with digital codes, and input them into the CNC device through control media such as punched paper tape or disk. The CNC device receives these instructions, interprets and processes them, and sends signals to the servo system to drive the machine tool to achieve precise machining. During the processing, the detection system monitors the data such as spindle speed and worktable position in real time, and transmits the detection signal to the CNC device for real-time monitoring and adjustment to ensure the processing accuracy and automation level.

Characteristics of CNC lathes

CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool, which is an automated machine tool equipped with a program control system. The control system can logically process programs specified by control codes or other symbolic instructions, and decode them, so that the machine tool can move and process parts.

Compared with ordinary machine tools, CNC machine tools have the following characteristics:

● High processing accuracy and stable processing quality;

● Multi-coordinate linkage can be performed, and parts with complex shapes can be processed;

● When the processed parts are changed, generally only the CNC program needs to be changed, which can save production preparation time;

● The machine tool itself has high precision and high rigidity, and can choose favorable processing dosage, with high productivity (generally 3 to 5 times that of ordinary machine tools);

● The machine tool has a high degree of automation, which can reduce labor intensity;

● The quality requirements for operators are high, and the technical requirements for maintenance personnel are even higher.

Structure of CNC lathe

CNC lathe mainly consists of the following parts:

CNC device: the core component that controls the operation of the machine tool, receives the input of the processing program, interprets the processing instructions, and sends signals to the servo system.

Servo system: receives the command signal of the CNC device, drives the spindle rotation and the worktable movement and other motion components to complete the corresponding actions.

Detection system: real-time monitoring of data such as spindle speed and worktable position, and transmits the detection signal to the CNC device for real-time monitoring and adjustment.

Drive and control part: including motor, hydraulic, pneumatic system, etc., responsible for completing spindle rotation, tool magazine tool change and other operations.

Application field of CNC lathe

CNC lathe is widely used in machinery manufacturing, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields. Its highly automated characteristics make it play an important role in advanced manufacturing technologies such as flexible production and computer integrated manufacturing. CNC lathe can efficiently solve the problems of complex, precise, small batch and multi-variety parts processing, representing the development direction of modern machine tool control technology.